A modified X-ray diffraction method to measure residual normal and shear stresses of machined surfaces

Abstract X-ray diffraction has been widely used in measuring surface residual stresses. A drawback of the conventional d ~ sin 2 ? method is increased uncertainty arising from splitting when a significant shear stress co-exists with normal stress. In particular, can only be applied to measure while leaving unknown. this paper, we propose new approach make simultaneous measurement both and Theoretical development described detail, which includes two linear regressions, $$\frac{{d}_{\psi }+ {d}_{-\psi }}{2}$$ d ? + - 2 { -d -? } ( 2? ), determine stresses separately. Several samples were employed demonstrate method, including turning-machined grinding-machined cylindrical bars high strength steel as well flat sample magnetron sputtered TiN coating. The machined determined have compressive at axial hoop directions various scales coating showed scale (normal) whereas measured was extremely low. significantly precision compared method.